MINING
MINING
Mining is the extraction from the earth of valuable minerals or other geological materials, usually from a deposit of ore, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer. These deposits form an economically interesting mineralized package for the miner.
Ores recovered through mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, calcareous stone, chalk, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown or artificially created in a laboratory or factory through agricultural processes. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.
We offer
- Surface Mining
- Dredging
- Underground Mining
Surface mining
Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits. Techniques of surface mining include: open-pit mining, which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground, quarrying, identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand, stone and clay; Strip mining consisting of stripping off surface layers to reveal ore / seams below ; and mountaintop removal, commonly associated with coal mining, involving removing the top of a mountain to reach deposits of ore at depth.
Underground mining
Sub-surface mining consists of digging into the earth tunnels or shafts to reach the deposits of buried ore. Ore is brought to the surface through tunnels and shafts for processing, and waste rock for disposal. Sub-surface mining can be classified according to the type of shafts used, the method of extraction or the technique used to reach the deposit. Drift mining uses horizontal access tunnels, diagonally sloping access shafts are used by slope mining, and shaft mining uses vertical access shafts. Mining requires different techniques in hard and soft rock formations.
Dredging
Dredging is the removal of sediments and debris from the bottom of lakes, rivers, harbors, and other water bodies. It is a routine necessity in waterways around the world because sedimentation—the natural process of sand and silt washing downstream—gradually fills channels and harbors.